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This paper aims to elucidate the relationship between entrepreneurial orientation, reverse innovation and international performance of emerging economy multinational enterprises (EMNEs).

The authors analyze archival data of Chinese limited companies between 2010 and 2016, including 11,230 firm-year observations about 1708 firms. In order to test the study’s mediation hypotheses, the authors apply an ordinary least square (OLS) regression.

The authors find evidence that the entrepreneurial orientation of EMNEs has a positive effect on reverse innovations. Furthermore, the authors find positive effects of reverse innovation on the international performance of EMNEs. This pattern of results suggests that the relationship between entrepreneurial orientation and international performance is partially mediated by reverse innovation.

The study’s findings help managers in EMNEs to promote reverse innovation by building and using their entrepreneurial orientation. It also helps them to set out and gauge the chances of success of their internationalization strategies. The findings also hold relevance for firms in developed economies as well, as they may understand which emerging economy competitors stand to threaten their positions.

The strategic role of reverse innovations – i.e. clean slate, super value and technologically advanced products originating from emerging markets – has generated considerable research attention. It is clear that reverse innovations impact the international performance of EMNEs. Yet how entrepreneurial orientation influences international performance is still underexplored. Thus, the current study clarifies the mechanism by examining and testing the mediating role of reverse innovation among the entrepreneurial orientation–international performance link.

The advent of the European single currency and the UK’s decision not to participate in the Euro start‐up has placed the UK interest rate policy in a pivotal position. However, the competing fundamental positions are unclear with irreconcilable targets, a regime change or new paradigm, and supported by a poor forecasting record. In this paper an alternative approach is considered, dispensing with fundamental ideology. Forward looking interest rates are based on pattern recognition and congestion. This approach assumes that the data series can be interpreted as a memory pattern using past performance. Attention is focused on the votes of constituent members of the Bank of England’s Monetary Policy Committee. The point and figure chart is able to identify structural breaks in the data, thus only relevant time periods need be considered. Finally, the results become a leading indicator for competing fundamental models.

The purpose of this paper is to analyse the determinants of hotel profitability through the application of a least squares path modelling (PLS) and to deepen the study of their heterogeneity through clustering techniques.

An eclectic model that incorporates the dimensions identified as determinants of profitability in the previous literature is estimated by means of PLS. Subsequently, in a second stage the hotels are classified using clustering techniques to study which combination of hotel characteristics, location, competitive environment and tourist destination achieve higher profitability.

The results show that hotel characteristics, hotel location, competitive environments and tourist destination factors impact on the hotel performance. Also, the results highlight that the eclectic model proposed have to be further developed in future studies, incorporating more theoretical constructs and variables.

The results contribute to identify and quantify the determinants of profitability in the hotel sector and which combination of them achieve higher profitability. Moreover, this paper provides new evidence to support an eclectic theory of profitability determinants in the hotel sector. Consequently, this paper claims the need of a deeper integration of different areas of expertise to analyse hotel profitability.

This research is the first empirical evidence that proposes an eclectic model and uses clustering techniques in the study of profitability differences considering simultaneously hotel characteristics and its location. The variables used allow to measure different aspects of the attributes of the hotel and its location.

本论文旨在借助偏最小二乘回归（PLS）方法来分析酒店盈利性的决定因素, 以及通过聚类分析来研究决定因素的多样性。

本论文首先借助现有文献中盈利性各种决定因素来构建折衷模型, 并采用PLS来估算这个折衷模型。然后, 本论文通过聚类分析法将酒店分类, 从而研究决定哪种组合, 包括酒店特点、地理位置、竞争环境、和旅游目的地等特性, 达到最高盈利。

酒店特点、地理位置、竞争环境、和旅游目的地影响了酒店整体绩效。此外, 本论文还指出这个折衷模型应该进一步发展, 建议未来研究中应该囊括更多理论结构和变量。

本论文结果对于酒店行业盈利性决定因素的确立和量化做出贡献, 本论文还对确立酒店盈利性组合成分做出贡献。此外, 本论文结果对于酒店行业盈利性决定因素的折衷理论做出更多实践性验证。因此, 本论文提出酒店盈利性课题有必要进一步跨领域深入研究。

本研究是首篇论文提出和验证折衷模型并利用聚类分析法以研究酒店盈利性和同时考虑酒店特点和地理位置。本论文测量的变量评估了酒店及其地理位置的各项特性。

地点, 偏最小二乘法, 旅馆, 盈利能力

研究论文

A major aim of contemporary research on multigenerational families is to investigate changes in intergenerational dynamics within the context of changing historical times. We highlight ways in which recent historical trends such as population aging, changing patterns of family formation and dissolution, changing life cycle boundaries and women’s increased laborforce participation have altered family structures, functions, and role expectations, especially those of women. Illustrating the usefulness of the life course perspective in family research, results from a longitudinal study of five cohorts of women are presented. Findings show that in midlife Baby Boom women are significantly more depressed and have lower self‐esteem than older cohorts of women, despite their earlier advantages. Work/family stress contributed to higher depression. Baby Boom women dissatisfied with their marriages were significantly more depressed in midlife than Silent Generation women, at comparable levels of dissatisfaction, suggesting the meaning of marriage may have shifted. Biographical and historical timing appeared to matter for the psychological functioning of Baby Boom women in midlife. Silent Generation women did not have to juggle work and family in the same way as Baby Boom women. Having started their child bearing at a later age, Baby Boomers were then confronted by a changing economy, the intensified demands of work and family and the growing contingency of marriage and employment.

Corporate investment in less developed countries can be a lucrative source of resources and earnings. But how does one minimize the risks—particularly the political risks? The current trend in risk‐assessment methodology is to use “hard data” rather than subjective analysis. But this can be a drawback because the quantitative methodologies used are often determined by the data available. Presented here is a framework for political risk assessment that does more than simply look at the numbers.

People with dementia in hospital are susceptible to delirium, pain and psychological symptoms. These diagnoses are associated with worse patient outcomes, yet are often underdiagnosed and undertreated. Distress is common in people experiencing delirium, pain and psychological symptoms. Screening for distress may therefore be a sensitive way of recognising unmet needs. The purpose of this paper is to describe the development and feasibility testing of the Distress Recognition Tool (DRT). The DRT is a single question screening tool that is incorporated into existing hospital systems. It encourages healthcare professionals to regularly look for distress and signposts them to relevant resources when distress is identified.

The authors tested the feasibility of using the DRT in people with dementia admitted on two general hospital wards. Mixed methods were used to assess uptake and potential mechanisms of impact, including frequency of use, observation of ward processes and semi-structured interviews with primary stakeholders.

Over a 52-day period, the DRT was used during routine care of 32 participants; a total of 346 bed days. The DRT was completed 312 times; an average of 0.9 times per participant per day. Where participants had an identified carer, 83 per cent contributed to the assessment at least once during the admission. Thematic analysis of stakeholder interviews, and observational data suggested that the DRT was quick and simple to complete, improved ward awareness of distress and had the potential to improve care for people with dementia admitted to hospital.

This is the first short screening tool for routinely detecting distress in dementia in any setting. Its uptake was positive, and if effective it could improve care and outcomes for people with dementia, however it was beyond the scope of the study test this.